P/Q- and N-type calcium-channel antibodies: Oncological, neurological, and serological accompaniments (2024)

Abstract

Introduction: Voltage-gated calcium-channel autoimmunity (VGCC-P/Q and VGCC-N types) occurs beyond Lambert–Eaton syndrome and lung cancer. Methods: We reviewed records for 236 Mayo Clinic patients with VGCC antibodies found in evaluation for paraneoplastic neurological autoimmunity (generally without myasthenic syndromes). Results: VGCC autoantibodies were detected in 3.4% of neurological patients, 1.7% of healthy controls, and 4% of neurologically asymptomatic lung cancer controls. Fifty neurological patients (21%) had ≥ 1 neoplasm, historically (46) or detected prospectively [small-cell lung carcinoma (2), breast adenocarcinoma (2), lymphoma (1), and suspected tonsillar carcinoma (1)]. Autoimmune neurological diagnosis frequencies (encephalopathy, ataxia, myelopathy, neuropathy, neuromuscular junction disorder, and myopathy) among patients with medium values (24%; 0.10–0.99 nmol/L) or low values (19%; 0.03–0.10 nmol/L) were fewer than among patients with antibody values exceeding 1.00 nmol/L (71%; P = 0.02 and 0.004, respectively). Conclusions: Among neuronal VGCC-autoantibody–seropositive patients, autoimmune neurological phenotypes and cancer types are diverse. Cautious interpretation of results (particularly medium and low values) is advised. Muscle Nerve, 2016 Muscle Nerve 54: 220–227, 2016.

Original languageEnglish (US)
Pages (from-to)220-227
Number of pages8
JournalMuscle and Nerve
Volume54
Issue number2
DOIs
StatePublished - Aug 1 2016

Keywords

  • ataxia
  • calcium channel
  • myasthenia
  • neuropathy
  • paraneoplastic

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Physiology
  • Clinical Neurology
  • Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience
  • Physiology (medical)

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Zalewski, N. L., Lennon, V. A., Lachance, D. H., Klein, C. J., Pittock, S. J. (2016). P/Q- and N-type calcium-channel antibodies: Oncological, neurological, and serological accompaniments. Muscle and Nerve, 54(2), 220-227. https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.25027

P/Q- and N-type calcium-channel antibodies: Oncological, neurological, and serological accompaniments. / Zalewski, Nicholas L.; Lennon, Vanda A.; Lachance, Daniel H. et al.
In: Muscle and Nerve, Vol. 54, No. 2, 01.08.2016, p. 220-227.

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Zalewski, NL, Lennon, VA, Lachance, DH, Klein, CJ, Pittock, SJ 2016, 'P/Q- and N-type calcium-channel antibodies: Oncological, neurological, and serological accompaniments', Muscle and Nerve, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 220-227. https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.25027

Zalewski NL, Lennon VA, Lachance DH, Klein CJ, Pittock SJ, Mckeon A. P/Q- and N-type calcium-channel antibodies: Oncological, neurological, and serological accompaniments. Muscle and Nerve. 2016 Aug 1;54(2):220-227. doi: 10.1002/mus.25027

Zalewski, Nicholas L. ; Lennon, Vanda A. ; Lachance, Daniel H. et al. / P/Q- and N-type calcium-channel antibodies : Oncological, neurological, and serological accompaniments. In: Muscle and Nerve. 2016 ; Vol. 54, No. 2. pp. 220-227.

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P/Q- and N-type calcium-channel antibodies: Oncological, neurological, and serological accompaniments (2024)

FAQs

What is PQ type calcium channel antibody? ›

These antibodies generally reflect an immune response against cancer. P/Q-type calcium channel binding antibodies are found in 95% of nonimmunosuppressed patients with LES (100% of those with cancer) and in 20% of patients who have encephalomyeloneuropathies related to carcinoma of lung, breast, or ovary.

What is a Type N calcium channel antibody? ›

Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel (VGCC) Type N Antibody - N-type calcium channel antibodies are more highly associated with primary lung cancer than P/Q-type. One or all of the autoantibodies in the myasthenia gravis (MG)/LEMS evaluation can occur with neoplasia without evidence of neurological impairment.

What is a P and Q type calcium channel? ›

P/Q-type calcium channels are high-voltage-gated calcium channels contributing to vesicle release at synaptic terminals. A number of neurological diseases have been attributed to malfunctioning of P/Q channels, including ataxia, migraine and Alzheimer's disease.

What neurological diseases are voltage gated calcium channel antibodies related to? ›

Voltage gated calcium channel (VGCC) antibodies are generally associated with Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome. However the presence of this antibody has been associated with paraneoplastic as well as non-paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration.

What is the N-type calcium channel? ›

N-type calcium channels are important in neurotransmitter release because they are localized at the synaptic terminals. In the peripheral nervous system, N-type channels are known to be involved in the release of many neurotransmitters like glutamate, GABA, acetylcholine, dopamine, and norepinephrine.

What are the P type calcium channel blockers? ›

The two known blockers which are specific to P-type calcium channels are peptides derived from the spider venom of Agelenopsis aperta. The toxins from this venom which show selectivity for P-type channels are ω-agatoxin IVA and ω-agatoxin IVB.

What is the difference between L type and N-type calcium channels? ›

Regarding the intrarenal distribution of calcium channel subtypes, L-type calcium channels are present in only afferent arterioles, whereas the T-type calcium channel is present in both afferent and efferent arterioles, and the N-type calcium channel is present in the nerve terminals along these arterioles.

What are T type calcium channels in the brain? ›

T-type calcium channels are low-voltage activated calcium channels, which are important for the repetitive firing of action potentials in cells with rhythmic firing patterns, such as thalamic neurons.

What is paraneoplastic syndrome? ›

What are paraneoplastic syndromes? Paraneoplastic syndromes are a group of rare disorders that occur when the immune system has a reaction to a cancerous tumor known as a "neoplasm." The immune system is very important in keeping you healthy.

What are calcium channels used for? ›

Calcium channels are the structural components of cardiac cells that provide a mechanism to modulate the force of contraction. One of the ways that this occurs is through beta-adrenergic receptor (b-AR) stimulation to cause a positive inotropic response that is regulated by protein kinase A (PKA).

What will a calcium channel allow? ›

Some cation channels allow calcium as well as other cations to pass through the membrane. Calcium channels can participate in the creation of action potentials across cell membranes. Calcium channels can also be used to release calcium ions as second messengers within the cell, affecting downstream signaling pathways.

What are the two types of calcium channels in the heart? ›

In cardiac tissues, the two types of calcium channels are the L type and the T type. L-type channels are found in all cardiac cells and T-type are expressed in Purkinje cells, pacemaker and atrial cells. Both these types of channels contribute to atrioventricular conduction as well as pacemaker activity.

What is an autoimmune disease attacks the voltage-gated calcium channels? ›

Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is an acquired autoimmune disorder of neuromuscular transmission in which there is an autoimmune attack on voltage gated calcium channels (VGCC) on the presynaptic nerve terminal, ultimately resulting in a reduction in presynaptic release of ACh and defective neuromuscular ...

What are calcium channels in the brain? ›

Calcium channels are retained in the neuronal membrane during differentiation of electrical excitability, and pharmacological blockade of potassium channels (e.g., with tetraethylammonium ions) converts brief sodium-dependent spikes to long duration calcium-dependent action potentials.

What triggers voltage-gated calcium channels? ›

When a smooth muscle cell is depolarized, it causes opening of the voltage-gated (L-type) calcium channels. Depolarization may be brought about by stretching of the cell, agonist-binding its G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), or autonomic nervous system stimulation.

What is Q type calcium? ›

The P/Q-type calcium channel (also referred to as Cav2. 1) is a presynaptic high-voltage-gated calcium channel that couples neuronal excitation to the secretion of neurotransmitters (Ishikawa, Kaneko, Shin, & Takahashi, 2005).

What are the different types of calcium channel receptors? ›

Calcium channels can be divided into at least four different subtypes: L, N, P, and Q channels. The calcium channels present in smooth muscles are L-type (dihydropyridine-sensitive) calcium channels and seem to be involved in contraction of the human bladder irrespective of the mode of activation.

What is the normal range for VGCC antibodies? ›

Values of 0.00–0.02 nmol/L (VGCC-P/Q antibody) and 0.00–0.03 nmol/L (VGCC-N antibody) are considered normal.

What is the difference between L-type and T-type Ca2+ channels? ›

The L-type calcium channel is responsible for normal myocardial contractility and for vascular smooth muscle contractility. In contrast, T-type calcium channels are not normally present in the adult myocardium, but are prominent in conducting and pacemaking cells.

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